Breakwaters

It is often necessary to berth ships at places that are not naturally protected. A safe haven has to be created to provide calm waters, even in stormy seas.

Breakwaters are the very essence of harbour engineering. Design and construction can create a considerable challenge with substantial structures needed to keep out the waves.

Traditionally masonry structures have been built in a solid form on a prepared base, sometimes of considerable dimensions. In most cases this approach is now found to be too costly and new breakwaters tend to be made as “rubble mound” structures, using large rock or concrete units.

Floating breakwaters can help to calm small waves at small craft harbours but are ineffective for large-scale work, particularly for longer period waves.

Port & Harbour Layouts
Berths, Quays & Jetties
Piers
Breakwaters
Waterfront Walls & Structures
Dredging & Reclamation
Pontoons & Floating Structures

Meghavaram Port Masterplan

A new coal fired power plant is planned in northern Andhra Pradesh with blended fuel coming both from overseas as well as coastal India. The selected site is remote from all developed ports, so a captive jetty is required for panamax coal carriers. The jetty will also support the cooling water pipes with intake and outfall structures.

Beckett Rankine prepared a detailed project report (DPR) for the new jetty. Site surveys were carried out to identify the seabed levels and ground conditions where the jetty is to be constructed. Mathematical model studies were also carried out to identify likely wave heights, current and othermarine parameters.

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Krishnapatnam Port Masterplan, India

The State of Andhra Pradesh is developing more quickly than most other states in India. The existing minor port at Krishnapatnam is to be expanded to accommodate panamax coal carriers principally for delivery of coal for power generation. This is a BOT project. Large quantities of iron ore can also be exported from the hinterland.

Beckett Rankine is working as part of the sponsoring organisation and has been instrumental in preparing plans for a phased development of the port to match the anticipated cargo volumes and revenues. These plans have been passed by bankers as financeable.

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Hainan Hohbond Oil Refinery, China

A new refinery is to be constructed and a new harbour is needed for oil tankers serving the refinery. This includes berths for vessels ranging in size from 500 dwt to 60,000 dwt within the protection of a new breakwater. Also a single point mooring for crude carriers up to 350,000 dwt. Provision of a new dredged channel and navigation aids.

Beckett Rankine reviewed previous designs prepared by UK and Chinese companies and restructured the harbour layout to meet new operational requirements. Focus was on cutting costs and satisfying local and international standards. This included a FEED of the marine facilities.

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Aurora LPG Berth in Shetlands

A new jetty was required to handle Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as part of the shore reception facilities needed to exploit the West Shetland offshore oil discoveries. Two new berths were needed for LPG carriers to load from a dedicated terminal at a protected location that had been identified on the Shetland Islands.

Beckett Rankine undertook a Front End Engineering Design (FEED) for the marine facilities. The design was for steel tubular piled dolphins to berth the vessels and a separate jetty head platform for loading arms and safety equipment and approach trestle for the pipework.

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Ras Laffan Masterplan

 The current development of Ras Laffan will make it one of the largest LNG ports in the world. The expansion will involve 20km of breakwaters and 15m cubic metres of dredging to accomodate over 30 ship berths. This was required because of the dramatic rise in the export of LNG and other gas products from Qatar.

Beckett Rankine were responsible for preparing a Masterplan to cover the entirity of the construction of the port. This included selection of an appropriate site, and have used various hydrodynamic model studies to consider the waves, currents and siltation as well as vessel simulation.

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Puerto Caucedo Container Terminal

CSXWT are part owner and operator of the new container terminal in the Dominican Republic, Bouygues are the construction manager. Initially there will be 2 No 300m long berths with respectively 14m and 15m alongside water depth and protected by a 900m breakwater. This will later be extended to a 1,000m quay providing three berths.

Beckett Rankine have been assisting Mouchel with their audit of the contractor's design, particularly in relation to the new breakwater and quay structures. This work has included review of proposals for the rock breakwater armoured with concrete units and the hybrid combipile-RC quay.

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